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Bulk ship 2. types and characteristics

      산적 화물선은(Bulk Ship) 곡물류, 석탄 등의 화물을 수송하는 배로, 대부분 부정기 화물선으로 수송되어 왔습니다.~

그러다가 제2차 세계 대전 후 해상 물량 수송의 대폭적인 증가와 함께 곡물류를 전용으로 수송하기 위한 선형으로 바뀐 거죠~ 운반하는 화물의 종류에 따라 곡물 운반선, 광석 운반선 등의 전용선과 곡물∙석탄 겸용 운반선, 광석 ∙석탄 겸용 운반선 (광탄선) 등이 있어요

OBO선( ore bulk oil carrier), OO선(ore oil carrier) 등은 고체뿐만 아니라 액체도 실을 수 있는 선박입니다.~


Bulk ships are ships that transport cargo such as grains and coal, and are mostly transported as irregular cargo ships. Then, with the significant increase in maritime cargo transportation after World War II, ships were changed to exclusively transport grains.


Depending on the type of cargo being transported, there were dedicated ships such as grain carriers and ore carriers, grain and coal carriers, etc. There are ships that carry both ore and coal (coal ships). OBO ships (ore bulk oil carriers) and OO ships (ore oil carriers) are ships that can carry liquids as well as solids.~


벌크선 종


화물 수송 수요의 다양화, 수송 지역의 다변화에 대응하여 수송해 생 산성을 최대한으로 높이기 위해 Dry Cargo 와 Wet Cargo 모두를 운송할 수 있도록 개발된 선박을 겸용선을(Combined Carrier 혹은 Combination Carrier)라고 합니다.~

이러한 선박은 선박운용에 유연성이 있어요~ 예를 들면 중동의 석유를 유럽으로 운송하고 아프리카로 가서 철광석을 싣고 아시아로 운송하는 등 화물과 항로의 선택폭이 넓다.

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또한 일반적으로 OBO(Ore/Bulk/Oil)는 원유/곡물/석탄/철광석 등을 운송할 수 있도록 만들어 진답니다.~


In order to maximize productivity by transporting cargo in response to the diversification of cargo transport demand and the diversification of transport areas, ships developed to transport both dry cargo and wet cargo are called combined carriers or combination carriers. These ships have flexibility in ship operation. For example, they have a wide range of cargo and route choices, such as transporting oil from the Middle East to Europe, loading iron ore in Africa, and transporting it to Asia. Additionally, OBO (Ore/Bulk/Oil) is generally made to transport crude oil/grains/coal/iron ore.

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Combined Carrier Ship 외관상 구별은 아래와 같아요~

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Bulk Carrier는 화물창에 화물을 넣고 꺼내기 위해 갑판 상부에 개 구부를 가지고 있고 그 개구부는 열고 닫을 수 있는 뚜껑(Hatch Cover)으로 덮여져 있습니다.

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Oil Tanker는 액체 상태의 화물을 파이 프 라인을 통해 이송하므로 Hatch Cover가 필요 없어요~ 그 대신 화물창으로 연결되는 Piping 과 항구 측과의 연결을 위해 사용하는 호스를 끌어올리기 위한 Hose Handling Crane을 장착하고 있죠~

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OBO는 Bulk 화물과 Oil 화물을 모두 운송해야 하므로 위에 서 언급한 Hatch Cover, Piping, Hose Handling Crane을 모두 설비하고 있고 이들은 갑판 상부에 설치되므로 외관상 선박을 구 분 하는데 좋은 기준이 될 거 같네요~


The exterior of the multimodal carrier is as follows.


Bulk carriers have an opening on the upper deck through which cargo can be loaded and unloaded, and the opening is covered with a hatch cover that can be opened and closed.


Tankers transport liquid cargo via pipelines and do not require hatch covers. Instead, it is equipped with a hose handling crane that lifts the hoses used to connect to the ports and pipes leading to the hold. ~



Because OBOs have to transport both bulk and petroleum cargoes, they are equipped with all the hatch covers, piping and hose handling cranes mentioned above. Since this is installed on the upper deck, it is expected to be a good standard for distinguishing ships by appearance.


                                                                    Angle of Repose



석탄, 곡물 등을 편평한 곳에 쌓아 올리면, 대략 원뿔형으로 형성되며 항해 중 동요나 진동으로 점차 내려앉아 창 내부에 공간이 생기겠죠~ 이 공간은 화물의 종류와 건습 상태에 따라 거의 일정한 경사각(정지각)을 형성하는 것이 구조상 좋습니다.~

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정지각 이상으로 선체가 경사했을 경우 화물은 무너져 내려 선박의 무게 중심을 선박의 경사 방향으로 이동시켜 전도 모멘트를 발생시키고 심할 경우 전복(쓰러지는 거죠) 돼요~


When coal, grains, etc. are piled up on a flat surface, they form a roughly cone shape and gradually settle down due to movement or vibration during navigation, creating a space inside the window.


This space has an almost constant inclination angle (stopping angle) depending on the type of cargo and its dryness and moisture conditions.


It is good for the structure to form.~ If the hull is tilted beyond the stopping angle, the cargo collapses and moves the ship's center of gravity in the direction of the ship's inclination, generating an overturning moment and, in severe cases, capsizing (falling over).




산적화물만을 전용으로 운반하는 선박에서는 창 내의 정지각에 의해 빈 곳에 칸막이를 사용하여 현측 탱크를 두고 벨러 스트 탱크로 사용합니다.

On ships that exclusively transport bulk cargo, a side tank is used as a ballast tank by using a partition in an empty space due to the angle.


Specific gravity를 알아보겠습니다.

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물질의 단위 부피에 해당하는 중량 ;

화물의 비중량은 화물의 고유 특성 비중량을 나타내기보다는 적하 상태 또는 적재 부피를 고려한 화물의 비중량을 말하는데요~ 밀은 : 0.7t/m3 석탄은 : 0.8t/m3 철광석은 : 2.2t/m3

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비중량을 표시할 목적으로 사용하는 재화 계수(stowage factor)는 화물의 용적을 중량으로 나눈 값을 말합니다.~ 단위는 : ft3/L ~


Let’s look at specific gravity. Weight corresponding to unit volume of substance; The specific weight of the cargo refers to the specific weight of the cargo considering the loading condition or loading volume rather than the specific characteristic weight of the cargo. Wheat: 0.7t/m3 Coal: 0.8t/m3 Iron ore: 2.2t/ m3 The stowage factor used for the purpose of indicating specific weight is the volume of the cargo divided by the weight. The unit is: ft3/L ~

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